Broad Reach
The federal government sets national policy on taxes, defense, immigration, Social Security, Medicare and interstate commerce, affecting virtually every American household.
In plain English
It's the national government in Washington — the president, Congress, the courts and the agencies they oversee.
Simple example
Agencies such as the Internal Revenue Service, the Department of Defense and the Social Security Administration are all part of the federal government's executive branch.
Why it matters
What the term actually changes.
Different From States
Public opinion often differs sharply between trust in the federal government and trust in state or local governments, which handle issues like schools, policing and roads.
Varies By Institution
Trust ratings can differ widely across federal entities, with the military and courts sometimes polling higher than Congress or specific federal agencies.
How it works
The mechanics, in practice.
Three Branches
Congress writes laws, the president and executive agencies carry them out, and federal courts interpret them and resolve disputes about their meaning.
Funded By Taxes
The federal government is financed primarily through income, payroll and corporate taxes, with spending levels set annually through the congressional budget and appropriations process.
Shared Powers
Under federalism, Washington shares authority with the 50 states, with the Constitution and Supreme Court rulings defining which level of government has jurisdiction over specific issues.