Economic Leverage
Supporters say sanctions deny Iran revenue that could fund its nuclear program and regional proxies; critics say they have not halted enrichment and have hardened Tehran's posture.
In plain English
Squeezing a nation to the bargaining table.
A strategy of squeezing Iran's economy with sanctions to force its leaders back to the bargaining table on tougher terms.
Simple example
After withdrawing from the JCPOA in May 2018, the Trump administration reimposed sanctions on Iran's oil exports, banking sector, and central bank, aiming to cut Iranian oil sales to zero.
Why it matters
What the term actually changes.
Negotiating Stance
The campaign frames the current debate over whether to keep pressure in place, ease it as part of new talks, or pair it with direct diplomacy.
How it works
The mechanics, in practice.
Secondary Sanctions
The U.S. penalizes foreign companies and banks that do business with sanctioned Iranian entities, effectively cutting Iran off from much of the global financial system.
Export Restrictions
Targeted measures bar Iran from selling oil, petrochemicals, and metals on world markets and block its access to dollar-denominated transactions.
Related guide
Should the U.S. negotiate directly with Iran on its nuclear program?
A look at the history, stakes, and competing arguments behind U.S.-Iran nuclear diplomacy.
Read the guide → Related issue brief
Should the U.S. Negotiate Directly With Iran on Its Nuclear Program?
Policymakers are divided over whether face-to-face talks with Tehran offer the best path to curbing its advancing nuclear capabilities.
Read the brief →You’ve learned the term. Now vote.
Should the United States negotiate directly with Iran on its nuclear program?
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