In October 2023, President Biden signed Executive Order 14110, directing federal agencies to set safety, security, and reporting standards for advanced AI models; President Trump rescinded that order in January 2025.
The European Union's AI Act, which entered into force in August 2024, classifies AI systems by risk level and imposes binding obligations on providers of general-purpose and high-risk models.
The U.S. AI Safety Institute, housed within the National Institute of Standards and Technology, was established in 2023 to develop voluntary testing and evaluation guidelines for frontier AI models.
Supporters of federal oversight cite risks including algorithmic discrimination, deepfakes, and concentration of market power; opponents argue regulation could slow U.S. innovation and cede ground to Chinese AI development.
As of 2024, no comprehensive federal AI statute has passed Congress, though more than 30 states have enacted laws addressing specific AI uses such as election deepfakes, hiring algorithms, and generative content disclosure.