Article III of the U.S. Constitution states that federal judges, including Supreme Court justices, 'shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour,' a provision generally interpreted as lifetime tenure.
The average tenure of justices who left the Court before 1970 was about 15 years; for those who left between 1970 and 2022, it was roughly 27 years, according to Congressional Research Service data.
A 2022 Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court report found 'considerable, bipartisan support' among scholars for an 18-year term-limit proposal, while noting significant disagreement over whether it could be enacted by statute.
Polling by AP-NORC in 2022 found that roughly two-thirds of Americans supported imposing term limits on Supreme Court justices, with majority support among both Democrats and Republicans.
The United States is the only major constitutional democracy whose highest court justices serve for life; most peer nations use fixed terms, mandatory retirement ages, or both.