Outside influence
Amicus campaigns are a major channel through which organized interests try to shape constitutional law.
In plain English
An amicus brief lets outside groups — states, businesses, advocacy organizations, scholars — tell a court why a case matters and how it should come out.
Example
High-profile Supreme Court cases routinely attract dozens of amicus briefs from states, industry groups, and advocacy organizations on both sides.
Why it matters
What the term actually changes.
Wider perspective
Briefs can surface real-world consequences and expertise the parties themselves don't present.
How it works
The mechanics, in practice.
Filing
Non-parties submit briefs, generally with the court's permission or the parties' consent, on a set schedule.
Judicial use
Justices and clerks mine briefs for data, history, and arguments — and opinions sometimes cite them directly.
Related guide
What is judicial review?
Judicial review is the power American courts use to decide whether a law or government action violates the Constitution.
Read the guide → Related issue brief
Should the Senate eliminate the filibuster?
The filibuster lets 41 senators block most legislation by refusing to end debate. Supporters say it protects minority rights. Critics say it makes Congress incapable of acting.
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Should Supreme Court justices have term limits?
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