Political Glossary

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Fast, plain-English definitions for political terms, government concepts, election language, and the phrases voters are seeing in live surveys.

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Courts
Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act

The Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act is proposed federal legislation that would prohibit U.S. government agencies, including law enforcement and intelligence services, from purchasing data from commercial brokers that they would otherwise need a warrant or court order to obtain. The bill passed the House in 2024 but has not become law.

In plain English
It's a proposed law that would stop federal agencies from buying personal data — like location records — from companies when the Constitution would normally require them to get a warrant first.
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Terms starting with "C"
CHIPS And Science Act
The CHIPS and Science Act is a 2022 federal law that authorized roughly $52 billion in subsidies and tax incentives to expand semiconductor research, design, and manufacturing in the United States. It also funded broader scientific research aimed at strengthening U.S. competitiveness with China and other countries.
Economy
Capacity Factor
Capacity factor is the ratio of the electricity a power plant actually generates over a period of time to the maximum it could produce if it ran at full power the entire time. It is expressed as a percentage and used to compare how productively different energy sources operate.
Economy
Citizens United v. FEC
A 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision holding 5–4 that the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent political expenditures by corporations, unions, and nonprofit organizations. The ruling left in place existing caps on direct contributions to candidates.
Elections
Civil Liability
Legal responsibility for harm caused to another person or entity, typically resolved through lawsuits seeking monetary damages or court orders rather than criminal penalties. Civil liability can arise from negligence, statutory violations, or other wrongful conduct.
Courts
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
A federal law that restructured the management of the federal workforce and established procedural protections governing how career civil servants can be hired, disciplined or removed. It created agencies including the Office of Personnel Management, the Merit Systems Protection Board and the Federal Labor Relations Authority.
Courts
Cloture
A Senate procedure used to end debate and move toward a vote, requiring the approval of 60 of the 100 senators.
Congress
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or CFTC, is the independent federal agency that regulates U.S. derivatives markets, including futures, swaps and certain event contracts. It reviews whether contracts listed on regulated exchanges comply with the Commodity Exchange Act and federal public-interest standards.
Elections
Comprehensive Sex Education
Comprehensive sex education is a curriculum approach that covers a broad range of topics including human development, relationships, decision-making, abstinence, contraception, and disease prevention. It is typically distinguished from abstinence-only or abstinence-focused programs by its inclusion of information about contraception and safer sex practices.
Courts
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Should Congress restrict the sale of Americans' location data by commercial data brokers?
Live results — 170 voters
Yes — ban the sale of precise location data outright26%
Yes — but allow sales with explicit consumer opt-in consent11%
No — but require stronger disclosure and security standards35%
No — let the existing market and self-regulation continue29%
See how 170 Americans voted
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