Political Glossary

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Fast, plain-English definitions for political terms, government concepts, election language, and the phrases voters are seeing in live surveys.

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Courts
Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act

The Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act is proposed federal legislation that would prohibit U.S. government agencies, including law enforcement and intelligence services, from purchasing data from commercial brokers that they would otherwise need a warrant or court order to obtain. The bill passed the House in 2024 but has not become law.

In plain English
It's a proposed law that would stop federal agencies from buying personal data — like location records — from companies when the Constitution would normally require them to get a warrant first.
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Terms starting with "M"
Mail-In Voting
Mail-in voting is a method of casting a ballot in which voters receive, complete, and return their ballot by postal mail or designated drop box rather than voting in person at a polling place. It includes absentee ballots requested for a specific reason and, in some states, ballots automatically mailed to all registered voters.
Elections
Majority-Minority District
A legislative district in which a racial or ethnic minority group makes up more than half of the voting-age population. Such districts are often created to give minority voters a meaningful opportunity to elect candidates of their choice.
Elections
Mandate
A claim that election results give the winner authority to pursue their stated agenda; also, a legal requirement imposed by government.
Civic Engagement
Mandatory Buyback
A government program that requires owners of specified firearms to surrender them, typically in exchange for compensation, with penalties for noncompliance. It differs from voluntary buybacks, which allow gun owners to choose whether to sell their firearms to the government.
Courts
Mandatory Detention
Mandatory detention refers to the legal requirement under Section 1226(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act that certain noncitizens, particularly those with specified criminal convictions, be held in custody without the possibility of release on bond while their removal proceedings are pending. The provision removes the discretion immigration judges typically have to consider release.
Immigration
Mandatory vs. Discretionary Spending
Federal spending is divided into mandatory spending, which is set by existing laws and includes programs like Social Security and Medicare, and discretionary spending, which Congress approves each year through appropriations bills. Together with interest on the national debt, they make up the entire federal budget.
Congress
Maximum Pressure Campaign
A U.S. policy launched in 2018 that uses broad economic sanctions and diplomatic isolation to compel Iran to renegotiate restrictions on its nuclear program, missile development, and regional activities. It replaced U.S. participation in the JCPOA.
Foreign Policy
Medicare Part D
The federal prescription drug benefit program for Medicare enrollees, administered through private insurance plans that contract with the government. It covers outpatient prescription drugs for seniors and certain people with disabilities.
Economy
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Should Congress restrict the sale of Americans' location data by commercial data brokers?
Live results — 170 voters
Yes — ban the sale of precise location data outright26%
Yes — but allow sales with explicit consumer opt-in consent11%
No — but require stronger disclosure and security standards35%
No — let the existing market and self-regulation continue29%
See how 170 Americans voted
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